List of Cases!
Absolutive: In an intransitive verb, the noun is the subject (
The dog barked), in an active transitive verb, it is the object (The man ate
the pig.). In a passive transitive verb, it is the subject (
The pig was eaten by the man.)..
Ergative: In an active transitive verb, it is the subject (
The man ate the pig.). In a passive transitive verb, it is the object (The pig was eaten by
the man.).
Ablative: Marking departure from an area. (I left
New Zealand.)
Egressive: Marking the beginning location or time period. (I walked from
Connecticut to Minnesota.) OR (The bank opens in
the morning and closes in the afternoon.)
Lative: Both to or into the location. (I went to
Laos.)
Terminative: Marking the end location or time period. (I walked from Connecticut to
Minnesota.) OR (The bank opens in the morning and closes in the
afternoon.)
Dative: Indirect object. Shows who your doing it for or giving it to. (I fought for
my country.) Or (The book was given to
the man.)
Abessive: Showing lack of something. (I did it without
help.)
How to decide between the Egressive/Terminative and Ablative/Lative.If dealing with time, you would ALWAYS use Egressive/Terminative. Egressive/Terminative would be used for ultimate beginnings/destinations. If you said, "I traveled from Germany to Switzerland to France to Scotland to Nova Scotia to Russia.", Germany would be in the Egressive, Russia in the Terminative, all the rest in the Lative. Ablative is particularly rarer. If refering to a vacation where, say, Dent is in the middle of your travels and you say, "I went from Dent to Perham.", Dent would be in the Ablative and Perham, if it's not your final destination, would be in the Lative.
If there are any questions, comment or e-mail.
Did you know Tolkien invented the Dedative case?